476 research outputs found
Deep Open Intent Classification with Adaptive Decision Boundary
Open intent classification is a challenging task in dialogue systems. On the
one hand, it should ensure the quality of known intent identification. On the
other hand, it needs to detect the open (unknown) intent without prior
knowledge. Current models are limited in finding the appropriate decision
boundary to balance the performances of both known intents and the open intent.
In this paper, we propose a post-processing method to learn the adaptive
decision boundary (ADB) for open intent classification. We first utilize the
labeled known intent samples to pre-train the model. Then, we automatically
learn the adaptive spherical decision boundary for each known class with the
aid of well-trained features. Specifically, we propose a new loss function to
balance both the empirical risk and the open space risk. Our method does not
need open intent samples and is free from modifying the model architecture.
Moreover, our approach is surprisingly insensitive with less labeled data and
fewer known intents. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets show
that our method yields significant improvements compared with the
state-of-the-art methods. The codes are released at
https://github.com/thuiar/Adaptive-Decision-Boundary.Comment: Accepted by AAAI 2021 (Main Track, Long Paper
Discovering New Intents via Constrained Deep Adaptive Clustering with Cluster Refinement
Identifying new user intents is an essential task in the dialogue system.
However, it is hard to get satisfying clustering results since the definition
of intents is strongly guided by prior knowledge. Existing methods incorporate
prior knowledge by intensive feature engineering, which not only leads to
overfitting but also makes it sensitive to the number of clusters. In this
paper, we propose constrained deep adaptive clustering with cluster refinement
(CDAC+), an end-to-end clustering method that can naturally incorporate
pairwise constraints as prior knowledge to guide the clustering process.
Moreover, we refine the clusters by forcing the model to learn from the high
confidence assignments. After eliminating low confidence assignments, our
approach is surprisingly insensitive to the number of clusters. Experimental
results on the three benchmark datasets show that our method can yield
significant improvements over strong baselines.Comment: Accepted by AAAI202
Discovering New Intents with Deep Aligned Clustering
Discovering new intents is a crucial task in dialogue systems. Most existing
methods are limited in transferring the prior knowledge from known intents to
new intents. They also have difficulties in providing high-quality supervised
signals to learn clustering-friendly features for grouping unlabeled intents.
In this work, we propose an effective method, Deep Aligned Clustering, to
discover new intents with the aid of the limited known intent data. Firstly, we
leverage a few labeled known intent samples as prior knowledge to pre-train the
model. Then, we perform k-means to produce cluster assignments as
pseudo-labels. Moreover, we propose an alignment strategy to tackle the label
inconsistency problem during clustering assignments. Finally, we learn the
intent representations under the supervision of the aligned pseudo-labels. With
an unknown number of new intents, we predict the number of intent categories by
eliminating low-confidence intent-wise clusters. Extensive experiments on two
benchmark datasets show that our method is more robust and achieves substantial
improvements over the state-of-the-art methods. The codes are released at
https://github.com/thuiar/DeepAligned-Clustering.Comment: Accepted by AAAI 2021 (Main Track, Long Paper
Effects of Ox-LDL on Macrophages NAD(P)H Autofluorescence Changes by Two-photon Microscopy
Ox-LDL uptakes by macrophage play a critical role in the happening of
atherosclerosis. Because of its low damage on observed cells and better
signal-to- background ratio, two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy is
used to observe NAD(P)H autofluorescence of macrophage under difference
cultured conditions- bare cover glass, coated with fibronectin or
poly-D-lysine. The results show that the optimal condition is fibronectin
coated surface, on which, macrophages profile can be clearly identified on
NAD(P)H autofluorescence images collected by two-photon microscopy. Moreover,
different morphology and intensities of autofluorescence under different
conditions were observed as well. In the future, effects of ox-LDL on
macrophages will be investigated by purposed system to research etiology of
atherosclerosis.Comment: Submitted on behalf of TIMA Editions
(http://irevues.inist.fr/tima-editions
UniMSE: Towards Unified Multimodal Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Recognition
Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) and emotion recognition in conversation
(ERC) are key research topics for computers to understand human behaviors. From
a psychological perspective, emotions are the expression of affect or feelings
during a short period, while sentiments are formed and held for a longer
period. However, most existing works study sentiment and emotion separately and
do not fully exploit the complementary knowledge behind the two. In this paper,
we propose a multimodal sentiment knowledge-sharing framework (UniMSE) that
unifies MSA and ERC tasks from features, labels, and models. We perform
modality fusion at the syntactic and semantic levels and introduce contrastive
learning between modalities and samples to better capture the difference and
consistency between sentiments and emotions. Experiments on four public
benchmark datasets, MOSI, MOSEI, MELD, and IEMOCAP, demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed method and achieve consistent improvements
compared with state-of-the-art methods.Comment: Accepted to EMNLP 2022 main conferenc
UniSA: Unified Generative Framework for Sentiment Analysis
Sentiment analysis is a crucial task that aims to understand people's
emotional states and predict emotional categories based on multimodal
information. It consists of several subtasks, such as emotion recognition in
conversation (ERC), aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), and multimodal
sentiment analysis (MSA). However, unifying all subtasks in sentiment analysis
presents numerous challenges, including modality alignment, unified
input/output forms, and dataset bias. To address these challenges, we propose a
Task-Specific Prompt method to jointly model subtasks and introduce a
multimodal generative framework called UniSA. Additionally, we organize the
benchmark datasets of main subtasks into a new Sentiment Analysis Evaluation
benchmark, SAEval. We design novel pre-training tasks and training methods to
enable the model to learn generic sentiment knowledge among subtasks to improve
the model's multimodal sentiment perception ability. Our experimental results
show that UniSA performs comparably to the state-of-the-art on all subtasks and
generalizes well to various subtasks in sentiment analysis.Comment: Accepted to ACM MM 202
Metronidazole-Induced Irreversible Optic Neuropathy
Metronidazole-induced optic neuropathy is a rare complication. Most patients have excellent visual recovery. In this study, we report a patient who presented with a sudden onset of severe visual loss after a 1-week course of metronidazole. Myelitis developed simultaneously. The vision and the accompanying neurological deficiency of the patient did not improve even after metronidazole was discontinued immediately and various treatments were given
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